Most frequently asked questions about moving to Spain

Moving to Spain is an aspiration for many, but it requires careful planning and consideration of various legal, financial, and logistical aspects. This guide aims to answer the essential questions to help you manage your move to Spain with ease and confidence.

Legal and residency in Spain

One of the most crucial aspects to consider when moving to Spain is obtaining the appropriate visa and residency permits. These are essential not only for entry but also for staying in the country as long as you wish.

How long can you stay in Spain without a visa or residency?

If you are from a Schengen visa-exempt country, you can stay in Spain for up to 90 days within a 180-day period without a visa. This is part of the Schengen Agreement, which allows free movement between member countries.

For those from countries that require a visa to enter Spain, it is necessary to obtain the appropriate visa before traveling. This visa is typically applied for at the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country.

Types of visas available for moving to Spain

• Non-Lucrative Visa: For non-working individuals with sufficient financial means.
• Work Visa: For those who have secured a job in Spain.
• Student Visa: For students enrolled in Spanish educational institutions.
• Family Reunification Visa: For family members of legal residents in Spain.

Note: The Golden Visa program, which offered residency for property investments, is being abolished.

For more detailed information on the application process for other visas, please see our comprehensive guide to applying for a visa.

Types of residency permits in Spain

• Temporary Residency: For stays longer than 90 days but less than five years, which may be granted based on various visas such as work, study, or family reunification.
• Permanent Residency: Granted after five years of continuous, legal residence in Spain, allowing for long-term living with similar rights to Spanish citizens.

Understanding the difference between visas and residency permits is crucial for planning your stay in Spain. A visa allows entry and short-term stay, while residency permits enable long-term living and provide access to more extensive rights and benefits.

Can expat retirees obtain residency in Spain?

Yes, retirees can obtain residency through the non-lucrative visa, provided they can demonstrate sufficient financial means to support themselves without working.

Do you get Spanish residency when buying a property in Spain?

Purchasing property in Spain does not automatically grant residency. Previously, under the Golden Visa scheme, investing €500,000 or more in property offered residency benefits. However, this program is being abolished, and buying property alone will not qualify you for residency.

How do you obtain a NIE (Foreigner Identification Number) in Spain?

You can apply for a NIE, at a Spanish consulate before moving or at a local police station in Spain. You will need to fill out a form, provide identification, and state the reason for your request.

How often do you have to renew your residency in Spain?

Temporary residency permits typically need renewal every year for the first five years. After five years, you can apply for a long-term residency permit, renewable every five years.

What are the specific documents required for the renewal of different types of residency permits?

Renewal documents typically include proof of financial means, health insurance, residence proof, and a clean criminal record.

What can lead to your Visa or residency application being denied?

Visa or residency applications for Spain can be denied for several reasons. Here are some common factors that might lead to a denial:

• Insufficient financial means: Applicants must demonstrate sufficient financial resources to support themselves (and their dependents) without relying on public funds.
• Incomplete or incorrect documentation: All required documents must be correctly filled out and submitted. This includes application forms, proof of financial means, health insurance, accommodation proof, and a clean criminal record certificate.​
• Lack of health insurance: For many visas, especially non-lucrative visas, applicants must show proof of private health insurance that is valid in Spain.
• Criminal record: If the applicant has a criminal record or has been involved in activities deemed harmful to public order, national security, or the interests of Spain.
• Inadequate proof of accommodation: Applicants must provide evidence of accommodation in Spain, such as a rental agreement or property deed.
• Failure to meet specific Visa requirements: Each type of visa has its own set of requirements. For example, a work visa requires a job offer from a Spanish employer.
• Previous Visa violations: If the applicant has previously violated visa regulations or overstayed a visa in Spain or another Schengen country, this can negatively impact the current application.

If your Visa or residency is denied, review the reason for denial, gather additional documentation, and reapply. You can also seek legal assistance or appeal the decision if applicable.

Are there any penalties or consequences for late renewal of residency permits?

Yes, late renewals can result in fines, loss of residency status, and difficulties in reapplying.

What is the process for bringing family members to Spain?

You can apply for a family reunification visa to bring immediate family members. This process requires proof of relationship, sufficient financial means to support them, and adequate housing.

Can you hold dual citizenship if you become a Spanish citizen?

Spain generally does not allow dual citizenship except for certain Latin American countries, Andorra, the Philippines, Equatorial Guinea, and Portugal.

What is the process and time frame for applying for Spanish citizenship?

You must reside in Spain for at least 10 years legally and continuously. Exceptions apply for certain countries (two years). You must pass a language and cultural knowledge exam.

Financial and tax considerations

Another important aspect to consider when planning to move to Spain is tax and finance, which will vary depending on your activity and the region in which you live.

How much money do you need to move to Spain?

The amount varies depending on your lifestyle and location. The financial requirement for the non-lucrative visa in Spain is based on the IPREM Public Income Indicator (Indicador Público de Renta de Efectos Múltiples).

As of 2024, applicants must show proof of an annual income of at least €28,800 for the main applicant, which is 400% of the annual IPREM. Additionally, for each dependent included in the application, you need to show an extra €7,200 annually, which is 100% of the IPREM.

Do you have to pay taxes in Spain?

Yes, if you reside in Spain for more than 183 days in a year, you are considered a tax resident and must pay taxes on your worldwide income.

• Non-residents are taxed only on income generated within Spain.
• Tax residents are subject to Spain’s progressive income tax rates, which range from 19% to 47% depending on income levels.

Spain imposes taxes on capital gains, wealth, and inheritance. For non-residents, the tax rate on income from Spanish sources, such as rental income, is generally 24%. Read more about who needs to pay taxes in Spain.

How do you open a bank account in Spain as a non-resident?

Opening a bank account in Spain as a non-resident is a straightforward process, but it does require certain documentation and steps:

• Choose a bank. Research and select a bank that offers accounts for non-residents.
• Prepare necessary documents:
  • Passport: A valid passport or national identity card.
  • Proof of address: This can be a utility bill or bank statement from your home country.
  • Proof of employment or income: This might include a job contract, payslips, or a tax return.
  • NIE: While not always required initially, it is recommended to have it.
• Visit the bank. Visit a branch of the chosen bank in Spain. Some banks offer online account opening, but an in-person visit can expedite the process.
• Fill out application forms. Complete the bank's application form. Be prepared to provide details about your employment, income, and purpose for opening the account.
• Deposit initial funds. Some banks may require an initial deposit to activate the account. This amount can vary by bank.
• Obtain your bank details. Once your application is approved, you will receive your bank account details, debit card, and online banking information.

How do social security contributions work for residents and non-residents in Spain?

Residents working in Spain are required to pay social security contributions, which cover benefits like healthcare, pensions, and unemployment insurance. Non-residents working temporarily in Spain may also need to contribute, depending on the duration and nature of their employment. Spain has social security agreements with many countries to avoid double contributions. Read more about it in our article on the Social Security System in Spain.

Housing and living

You've sorted out the legal and financial issues, but you still have to decide where and how to live. Here are the most common questions to ask yourself.

Can you buy property in Spain as a non-resident?

Yes, non-residents can buy property in Spain without restrictions.

How long can you stay in Spain if you own a property?

Owning property does not grant residency. You can stay for up to 90 days within any 180-day period as a non-resident. For longer stays, you need a relevant visa or residency permit.

Where do most foreigners live in Spain?

Popular areas for foreigners include cities like Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, and coastal regions such as Costa del Sol, Costa Blanca, and the Balearic Islands.

How can you find rental accommodation before you move to Spain?

You can use our platform to find rental listings. Consider visiting Spain beforehand to view properties and neighbourhoods in person.

Healthcare and utilities

Health, medical care and other essential services may be one of the most important issues to consider when moving to another country. These questions will help you know where to start to organise everything.

Can foreigners get healthcare in Spain?

Yes, foreigners can access healthcare. Residents can use the public health system, while non-residents typically need private health insurance. EU citizens can use their European Health Insurance Card (EHIC) for short-term stays.

To register in the local health system, you need a residency certificate, NIE, social security number, and proof of address. Once registered, you receive a health card granting access to public healthcare services.

What are the costs of private health insurance in Spain?

Private health insurance costs vary based on coverage, age, and provider. On average, expect to pay between €50 to €200 per month.

What are the steps to get utilities set up in your new home in Spain?

To set up utilities, contact local providers for electricity, water, gas, and internet. You will need identification, proof of address, and a bank account for payments. For more in depth information you can read our article on How to set up, connect and pay your utility bills in Spain.

Other key questions

Finally, here is some information on other aspects that may be of interest to you.

Can you drive in Spain with your foreign driving licence?

EU/EEA licences are valid in Spain. Non-EU licenses are valid for six months, after which you need to obtain a Spanish licence. Some countries have exchange agreements with Spain. If your country has an agreement with Spain, you can exchange your licence by applying at the local traffic office (DGT) with necessary documents and passing a medical examination. For detailed information on how to exchange a foreign driving licence for a Spanish one, please refer to our article on the process.

What are the regulations and requirements for bringing pets into Spain?

Pets need a microchip, valid rabies vaccination, and a health certificate from an authorised vet. Pets from non-EU countries may require additional documentation. We give you more details about this process in our article on moving to Spain with your pets.

By addressing these key questions, you can better prepare for your move to Spain and ensure a smoother transition to your new life abroad. For more in depth information and details, please refer to our section on Moving to Spain.